Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunohistochemistry of galectin-3 protein expression in hearts (×200). (A) Sham. (B) BDL. (C) BDL+N-Lac. (D) Spleen was used as positive control. (A) Scant staining is visible in cardiomyocytes. (B) Significantly increased galectin-3 staining is predominantly in cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, although a few macrophages also stain. (C) N-Lac significantly decreased galectin-3 staining in BDL heart. N-Lac did not affect galectin-3 postive staining in heart from sham operated controls (data not shown). (D) Spleen shows expected heavy galectin-3 staining, as a positive control. Sham, sham operated; BDL, bile duct ligation; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Positive Control, Staining, Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative Western blot analysis of galectin-3 protein expression in hearts. From left, 1st and 2nd lanes, sham-operated controls; 3rd and 4th lanes, sham+N-Lac, 5th and 6th lanes, BDL, 7th and 8th lanes, BDL+N-Lac. (B) Computerized optical densitometry showed that galectin-3 protein expression was significant increased in BDL heart, N-Lac significantly decreased galectin-3 protein expression in BDL, N-Lac did not affect galectin-3 protein expression in sham operated rats (n=6 in each group, * P <0.01 compared with sham; † P <0.01 compared with BDL). Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative Western blot analysis of collagen I/III protein expressions in hearts. From left, 1st and 2nd lanes, sham-operated controls; 3rd and 4th lanes, sham+N-Lac, 5th and 6th lanes, BDL, 7th and 8th lanes, BDL+N-Lac. (B) Computerized optical densitometry showed that the ratio of collagen I/III was shifted from collagen III dominant to collagen I dominant in BDL heart, N-Lac had the tendency to decrease the ratio of collagen I/III in cirrhotic heart (n=6 in each group, * P <0.01 compared with sham). Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Western Blot, Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: The concentrations of TNFα in serum (A) and heart (B). From left, 1st and 2nd lanes, sham-operated controls; 3rd and 4th lanes, sham+N-Lac, 5th and 6th lanes, BDL, 7th and 8th lanes, BDL+N-Lac. The concentrations of TNFα in serum and heart were significantly increased in BDL, N-Lac significantly decreased TNFα concentrations in both serum and heart from cirrhotic rats (n=6 in each group, * P <0.01 compared with sham; † P <0.01 compared with BDL). TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: The concentrations of BNP in serum (A) and heart (B). The concentrations of BNP in serum and heart were significantly increased in BDL rats. N-Lac significantly decreased BNP concentrations in both serum and heart from cirrhotic rats (n=6 in each group, * P <0.05 compared with sham; † P <0.05 compared with BDL). Sham, sham operated; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Isoproterenol-stimulated maximal systolic velocity in isolated cardiomyocytes. Systolic velocity was significantly decreased in cirrhotic rats compared to the sham control group ( P <0.05). Treatment of the cirrhotic group with N-Lac significantly reversed the reduced systolic contractility in BDL rats ( † P <0.05 compared to the BDL group) (n=6 in each group). (B) Time to peak 50% under stimulation of isoproterenol. Time to peak 50% was significantly prolonged in BDL cardiomyocytes compared with sham control ( * P <0.01), N-Lac reversed this delayed time to peak 50% ( † P <0.05 compared with untreated BDL), N-Lac had no effects on sham control group (n=6 in each group). Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Isolation, Control, Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Diatolic relaxation velocity in isolated cardiomyocytes under the environment of isoproterenol stimulation. Diatolic relaxation velocity was significantly decreased in cirrhotic rats compared to the sham control group ( P <0.01). Treatment of the cirrhotic group with N-Lac significantly reversed the reduced diatolic relaxation velocity in BDL rats († P <0.05 compared to the BDL group) (n=6 in each group). (B) Time from peak contractility to 50% baseline under stimulation of isoproterenol was significantly prolonged in BDL cardiomyocytes compared with sham control ( * P <0.01), N-Lac reversed this delayed time ( † P <0.05 compared with untreated BDL), N-Lac had no effects on sham control group (n=6 in each group). Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Isolation, Control, Ligation

Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology

Article Title: Galectin-3 inhibits cardiac contractility via a tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent mechanism in cirrhotic rats

doi: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0141

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood pressure changes. The blood pressure was significantly decreased in cirrhotic rats, N-Lac significantly increased blood pressure in BDL rats. N-Lac had no effect on blood pressure in sham rats. The two measurements had no significant difference in BDL rats (n=6 in each group, * P <0.05 compared with other three groups). Sham, sham operated; N-Lac, N -acetyllactosamine; BDL, bile duct ligation. † Sham: 101±9.5 mmHg, Sham+N-Lac: 103±8.9 mmHg, BDL: 85.5±7.8 mmHg, BDL+N-Lac: 97.0±10.1 mmHg.

Article Snippet: There were four groups in each set: sham operated and sham plus N -acetyllactosamine (N-Lac, a galectin-3 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg); bile duct ligated (BDL) and BDL plus N-Lac.

Techniques: Ligation

Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

Article Title: TGF-? Mediates Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010040356

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR prevents lesion development in FVB/N mice. (A) Renal morphology in control (C) and 75% nephrectomized (Nx) FVB/N mice treated with either the pharmacologic inhibitor of EGFR, Iressa, or the vehicle, 2 months after surgery. Because no differences were detected between Iressa- and vehicle-treated control mice, only one group is shown. PAS staining, magnification, ×200. (B and C): Proteinuria (B) and BP (C) in control (white bars) and Nx (black bars) mice treated with either the vehicle or Iressa, 2 months after surgery. Data are means ± SEM; n = 6 for each experimental group. Statistical analysis: Nx versus control: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; Iressa versus vehicle: ##P < 0.01 (ANOVA, followed by Tukey-Kramer test).

Article Snippet: For pharmacologic EGFR inhibition, 24 FVB/N mice were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice: (i) sham operation + EGFR inhibitor Iressa (100 mg/kg per d by daily gavages; a gift from AstraZeneca); (ii) sham operation + vehicle of Iressa (1% NaCl, 0.5% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, 1% Tween); (iii) Nx + Iressa; and (iv) Nx + vehicle of Iressa.

Techniques: Inhibition, Control, Staining